First steps in PyGTK
last modified October 18, 2023
In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we do our first steps in programming. We create simple programs.
Simple example
The first code example is a very simple one.
center.py
#!/usr/bin/python
ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
This is a trivial PyGTK example
author: jan bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: February 2009
import gtk
class PyApp(gtk.Window): def init(self): super(PyApp, self).init()
self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
self.set_size_request(250, 150)
self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
self.show()
PyApp() gtk.main()
This code shows a centered window.
import gtk
We import the gtk module. Here we have objects to create GUI applications.
class PyApp(gtk.Window):
Our application is based on the PyApp class. It inherits from the Window.
def init(self): super(PyApp, self).init()
This is the constructor. It builds our application. It also calls its parent constructor through the super call.
self.connect(“destroy”, gtk.main_quit)
We connect the destroy signal to the main_quit function. The destroy signal is called when we click on the close button in the titlebar or press Alt+F4. The window is being destroyed, but the application is not. You can see it if you launch the example from the command line. By calling the main_quit we quit the application for good.
self.set_size_request(250, 150)
We set the size of the window to 250x150px.
self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
This line centers the window on the screen.
self.show()
Now we show the window. The window is not visible, until we call the show method.
PyApp() gtk.main()
We create the instance of our program and start the main loop.
Icon
In the next example, we show the application icon. Most window managers display the icon in the left corner of the titlebar and also on the taskbar.
icon.py
#!/usr/bin/python
ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
This example shows an icon
in the titlebar of the window
author: jan bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: February 2009
import gtk, sys
class PyApp(gtk.Window): def init(self): super(PyApp, self).init()
self.set_title("Icon")
self.set_size_request(250, 150)
self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
try:
self.set_icon_from_file("web.png")
except Exception, e:
print e.message
sys.exit(1)
self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
self.show()
PyApp() gtk.main()
The code example shows the application icon.
self.set_title(“Icon”)
We set a title for the window.
self.set_icon_from_file(“web.png”)
The set_icon_from_file method sets an icon for the window. The image is loaded from disk in the current working directory.
Figure: Icon
Buttons
In the next example, we further enhance our programming skills with the PyGTK library.
buttons.py
#!/usr/bin/python
ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
This example shows four buttons
in various modes
author: jan bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: February 2009
import gtk
class PyApp(gtk.Window): def init(self): super(PyApp, self).init()
self.set_title("Buttons")
self.set_size_request(250, 200)
self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
btn1 = gtk.Button("Button")
btn1.set_sensitive(False)
btn2 = gtk.Button("Button")
btn3 = gtk.Button(stock=gtk.STOCK_CLOSE)
btn4 = gtk.Button("Button")
btn4.set_size_request(80, 40)
fixed = gtk.Fixed()
fixed.put(btn1, 20, 30)
fixed.put(btn2, 100, 30)
fixed.put(btn3, 20, 80)
fixed.put(btn4, 100, 80)
self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
self.add(fixed)
self.show_all()
PyApp() gtk.main()
We show four different buttons on the window. We see a difference between container widgets and child widgets and will change some properties of child widgets.
btn1 = gtk.Button(“Button”)
A Button is a child widget. Child widgets are placed inside containers.
btn1.set_sensitive(False)
We make this button insensitive. This means, we cannot click on it. Nor it can be selected, focused etc. Graphically the widget is grayed out.
btn3 = gtk.Button(stock=gtk.STOCK_CLOSE)
The third button shows an image inside its area. The PyGTK library has a built-in stock of images that we can use.
btn4.set_size_request(80, 40)
Here we change the size of the button.
fixed = gtk.Fixed()
Fixed widget is a non visible container widget. Its purpose is to contain other child widgets.
fixed.put(btn1, 20, 30) fixed.put(btn2, 100, 30) …
Here we place button widgets inside fixed container widget.
self.add(fixed)
We set the Fixed container to be the main container for our Window widget.
self.show_all()
We can either call show_all method, or we call show method on each of the widgets. Including containers.
Figure: Buttons
Tooltip
A tooltip is a hint on a widget in the applications. Can be used to provide additional help.
tooltips.py
#!/usr/bin/python
ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
This code shows a tooltip on
a window and a button
author: jan bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: February 2009
import gtk
class PyApp(gtk.Window):
def __init__(self):
super(PyApp, self).__init__()
self.set_title("Tooltips")
self.set_size_request(250, 200)
self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
self.fixed = gtk.Fixed()
self.add(self.fixed)
button = gtk.Button("Button")
button.set_size_request(80, 35)
self.fixed.put(button, 50, 50)
self.set_tooltip_text("Window widget")
button.set_tooltip_text("Button widget")
self.show_all()
PyApp() gtk.main()
In this example we set a tooltip for a window and for a button.
self.set_tooltip_text(“Window widget”) button.set_tooltip_text(“Button widget”)
The set_tooltip_text does the job.
Figure: Tooltips
In this chapter, we created first programs in PyGTK programming library.
